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lorien
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Tolkien's Philosophy and Intentions

Tolkien's Philosophy and Intentions

This weekend I decided to take some time put to get more background on the prehistory of LOTR. For this I have been reading the LOTR Appendices and found myself backing into the Silmarillian. I actually found reading the last chapter "Of the Rings of Power and the Third Age" a bit easier to follow than the first part of the Appendices. However, to complete the story I must back further into the Silmarillian and also read the Akallabeth (The Downfall of Numenor), which I will do tonight.

However, in my research I found a very long and, I think, extremely important letter of Tolkien that is a perfect synopsis of all I really need to know to understand the basic history leading into LOTR. It is also a succinct statement of his philosophies and intentions in writing these books. I would consider this a "must read" by anyone interested in understanding why Tolkien did what he did in these stories and the underling philosophy he held in the development of the symbolism and morals of the story. This is Letter 131 To Milton Waldman that can be found on page 143-161 of "The Letters of Tolkien." I was also able to find a copy of that letter online for those of you who do not have the book:

Letter 131 to Milton Waldman
http://www.americanidea.org/handouts/06240106.htm

This was obviously scanned as a continuous text and so the footnotes appear in strange places in the middle of the text.

There are no spoilers for those of you who have not read LOTR (though I think the letter is a limited value to first-time readers). This is because the online version and the version in "Letters" both omit the section pertaining to LOTR. You will find a small note to that effect about four paragraphs from end. However, I found this omitted section to be a valuable synopsis of LOTR, again laced with his philosophy and intentions. I found this omitted section on page 742-749 of "The Lord of the Ring: A Reader's Companion" by Wayne Hammond and Christina Scull (a valuable resource to second-time readers and highly recommended).

I don't think you will find a better, briefer, or more insightful synopsis of the Silmarillian, The Hobbit and LOTR anywhere. And this one is from the hand of the master himself!

This thread may be a good place to discuss Tolkien's general Philosophy and Intentions where they can't be applied to a specific part of the reading.
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TiggerBear
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Re: Tolkien's Philosophy and Intentions

My I also recommend for any Tolkien reader, a book excellent for those, hey what was that moments. "A Tolkien Bestiary" by David Day. Great art, the maps blown up and in easy to scan formats, the linage trees enlarged, as well as the best term glossary for Tolkien's world. Since my copy of the "Similarion" is a paperback, I've found this book invaluable as well as inexpensive.
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lorien
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The People of Middle-earth

[ Edited ]
I've been curious about how the different "human-type" people of Middle-earth are like or different from one another. This appears to be a very large subject and we will probably be talking a great deal about this later, especially of elves. But in reading Tolkien's letters I thought I would drop in these little starters on the nature of Elves, Men, Hobbits, and Dwarves.
--------------


The Children of God: Of Men and of Elves - Page 147, Letters (Letter #131)

[This is in reference to the mythology and heroic legend literature, which centers mainly on the First Born elves. They do have an important part to play in LOTR but eventually leave Middle-earth to the dominion of Men]

The Children of God are thus primevally related and akin, and primevally different. Since also they are something wholly other to the gods, in the making of which the gods played no part, they are the object of the special desire and love of the gods. These are the First-born, the Elves; and the Followers Men. The doom of the Elves is to be immortal, to love the beauty of the world, to bring it to full flower with their gifts of delicacy and perfection, to last while it lasts, never leaving it even when slain, but returning - and yet, when the Followers come, to teach them, and make way for them, to fade as the Followers grow and absorb the life from which both proceed. The Doom (or the Gift) of Men is mortality, freedom from the circles of the world. Since the point of view of the whole cycle is the Elvish, mortality is not explained mythically: it is a mystery of God of which no more is known than that what God has purposed for Men is hidden: a grief and an envy to the immortal Elves.

["freedom from the circles of the world" This sounds a bit Buddhist to me.]

How Tolkien defines Hobbits - Page 158, Letters (Letter #131)

[I find this interesting because Hobbits do seem to represent the ordinary people while Men seem to fill the role of the powerful people. But it is the Hobbits that are at the center of Tolkien's heroic romance literature.]

The Hobbits are, of course, really meant to be a branch of the specifically human race (not Elves or Dwarves) - hence the two kinds can dwell together (as at Bree), and are called just the Big Folk and Little Folk. They are entirely without non-human powers, but are represented as being more in touch with 'nature' (the soil and other living things, plants and animals), and abnormally, for humans, free from ambition or greed of wealth. They are made small (little more than half human stature, but dwindling as the years pass) partly to exhibit the pettiness of man, plain unimaginative parochial man - though not with either the smallness or the savageness of Swift, and mostly to show up, in creatures of very small physical power, the amazing and unexpected heroism of ordinary men 'at a pinch'.

Dwarves - Page 287, Letters (Letter 212)

[Dwarves may take a bit more researching since they are not actually talked about in Letter 131. I thought for now I would just put this bit out. Aule appears to be a craftsman of sort and he creates the dwarves prior to the creation of the elves. A big no, no!]

Aule,...one of the Great...so desired to see the Children, that he became impatient and tried to anticipate the will of the Creator. Being the greatest of all craftsmen he tried to make children according to his imperfect knowledge of their kind. When he had made thirteen, God spoke to him in anger, but not without pity: for Aule had done this thing not out of evil desire to have slaves and subjects of his own, but out of impatient love, desiring children to talk to and teach, sharing with them the praise of Iluvatar and his great love of the materials of which the world is made.

Message Edited by lorien on 02-25-2008 02:51 PM
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LOTR: A Trilogy or Six Book Series

LOTR Book division:

I was reading "A Brief History of the Lord of the Rings" in the The Lord of the Rings Companion. On page xxxii they state:

"By 17 November 1952 Allen & Unwin decided that the most economical way to publish The Lord of the Rings was in three volumes....This unfortunately has led many of its readers to speak of it as three separate but interconnected works, a 'trilogy', though it is no such thing. Tolkien himself considered its important divisions to be its six books, to each of which he had given a title, not the three volumes into which these were artificially broken."

I had not realized that he had actually thought them as six titled books. Here are the titles he was considering (some he had alternates):

The Lord of the Rings
Book 1: The Ring Sets Out/The First Journey
Book 2: The Ring Goes South/ The Journey of the Nine Companions
Book 3:The Treason of Isengard
Book 4: The Ring Goes East/The Journey of the Ring-bearers
Book 5: The War of the Ring
Book 6: The End of the Third Age

This was originally done for economic reasons but the trilogy and the original three traditional titles still prevail even though the reason for the division no longer exists. I was wondering how the rest of you feel about this. Should this series still be treated now as a trilogy and read as three books or is there better literary integrity in treating the six divisions as six separate books?

And how should we approach them given that they are scheduled for discussion as a trilogy. Should we plan our discussion around the traditional Trilogy structure doing The Fellowship of the Ring in March? Or should we treat each book separately, allocating two weeks to each book of the six book series, but concluding our discussion of each before moving on to the next one?

It may seem like a fine point but I see a different emphasis on where you consider the beginning, middle and conclusion of a book and how you look at the purpose of the "book." Each of the six books does tell a different story with its own combination of characters, especially lead character(s), and its own "cliff-hanger" ending. And I think the sixth book especially seems like it has a hung-on and unnecessary chapter of the return to Hobbington when combined with the big battle book in The Return of the King, which emphasizes the triumph of Man with contribution by hobbits. By itself it brings to conclusion the story of the Hobbits. As a further example of this I found this statement by Tolkien particularly intriguing as he concluded his summary of the six separate books:

Letters, page 161 (Letter #131)
I think the simple 'rustic' love of Sam and his Rosie...is absolutely essential to the study of his (the chief hero's) character, and to the theme of the relation of ordinary life (breathing, eating, working, begetting) and quests, sacrifice, causes, and the 'longing for Elves', and sheer beauty.
----------------------

Sam sure gets lost in the big scheme of things. When you think about the final book, Book 6, by itself, you realize that it really is about the rise to heroic status of Sam and ends with his restoration of the Shire to what it was before, and returning to the life of the ordinary person. The apparent larger players quietly pass out of existence.

And the 4th book, which Tolkien considered calling "The Journey of the Ring-bearers", is really about the THREE ring bearers. But as part of the single book of the trilogy it is about the bigger events and battles concerning the Two Towers, the fate of Middle-earth and of the destiny of Men. And in fact it seems that the two books should have been chronologically intertwined the way they were done in the movie with the journey of the Ring bearers as a subplot.
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Re: LOTR: A Trilogy or Six Book Series

The ring passed though 5 hands; Isildur, Gollum, Bilbo, Frodo, and Samwise.
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lorien
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Re: LOTR: A Trilogy or Six Book Series

More and more I am seeing where a lot is lost by treating the series LOTR as a trilogy rather than a series of six separate but related book. and that the second books in the volumes are always influenced by the dominance of the first and their intrinsic purpose is quite easy to lose.

As a minor point, Tolkien points out that the first three books deliberately end with the menace of the Black Rider. How many of you ever noticed this and saw any significance to it? Probably not many because, to most readers, it only happened at the end of the Fellowship volume and didn't seem of particular significance since it only happened once in that manner.

I have also been looking at Tolkien's first sketches of the covers of the three published books where he tried to make a symbolic connection between the included two volumes but at the same time show that they addressed specifically the purpose of each book.

I will have more to say on this a bit later as I probe a bit deeper into this and formalize my thoughts. (I've only read these books twice now and I have a lot of material to absorb.) But to give you something to ponder, here is one of the sketches Tolkien did for the Fellowship (they all were built on a similar theme):

http://img-fan.theonering.net/rolozo/images/covers/tolkien-fellowship.jpg

This totally changed the way I saw Book 2. Of course, since I'm outdoing even Ardo in verbosity, I will have more to say on this later.

And I was really surprised by the Two Towers. The first tower of the Book 3 is quite obvious to anyone, it is Orthnc of Isengard and it is black in Tolkien's sketch. I had assumed that the second was Barad-dur but it is not and it is white. It is actually the tower of Book 4. But in my mind the whole published book story was dominated by those towers of Orthnc and Barad-dur and their seeing eyes and evil intent. You seasoned readers of LOTR would know what the second tower is but I bet most new readers experienced the books the way I did. So I am going to leave you to ponder what is the second tower for awhile.

The cover Tolkien sketched for the final book really was a curve but I need to do some research there.

Those of you who have Tolkien: Artist and Illustrator might want to look at illustrations #176-182 and formulate your own ideas.
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lorien
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Re: LOTR: A Trilogy or Six Book Series

I was able to find a picture of all three covers:

http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/f/f2/350px-Jrrt_lotr_cover_design.jpg

Happy pondering!
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Re: LOTR: A Trilogy or Six Book Series



TiggerBear wrote:
The ring passed though 5 hands; Isildur, Gollum, Bilbo, Frodo, and Samwise.


Actually, there were six that bore The Ring -- you forgot Deagol, Gollum's cousin.  But, I believe that Lorien's comment "And the 4th book, which Tolkien considered calling "The Journey of the Ring-bearers", is really about the THREE ring bearers." was meant specifically about the 4th "book", part two of Two Towers.
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Re: LOTR: A Trilogy or Six Book Series

No I only referenced those that had possession of the ring over an extended period of time. Those the ring itself shaped. Momentary possession need not apply (Boromir,ect..).
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Re: LOTR: A Trilogy or Six Book Series

Actually, Deagol possessed it for a very short time, didn't he?
 
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lorien
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Re: LOTR: A Trilogy or Six Book Series

[ Edited ]

Fanuidhol wrote:


TiggerBear wrote:
The ring passed though 5 hands; Isildur, Gollum, Bilbo, Frodo, and Samwise.


Actually, there were six that bore The Ring -- you forgot Deagol, Gollum's cousin. But, I believe that Lorien's comment "And the 4th book, which Tolkien considered calling "The Journey of the Ring-bearers", is really about the THREE ring bearers." was meant specifically about the 4th "book", part two of Two Towers.
Fan





I would have to agree that this is the list of the people who actually had possession of the Ring (in the sense of 'owners'): Saurun, Isildur, Deagol, Gollum, Bilbo, Frodo, and Samwise

If we are going to add to the list people who might have held it then we would have to add Gandalf (page 48, Single volume) and Tom Bombadil (page 130). At this point I'm not sure if Boromir or anyone else actually held it.

As far as Book 4, The Journey of the Ring Bearers is concerned, though, we are are only talking about Gollum, Frodo, and Sam. My purpose was to point out that there were actually three Ring Bearers in this group because often people forget and think only of Frodo as the Ring Bearer because of his continuity through the books. My case is the treatment of these six books as not only part of the series, but as important entities in their own right. It is too premature (and I really don't know enough yet nor do I remember enough detail) to come to any conclusive theory here. But I see Gollum as the corrupted Ring Bearer, Frodo on the decent being taken over by the Ring and the emergence of the the true hero of the saga and certainly of Book 4, as being Sam. This was something that had not occurred to me before because Book 4 becomes only a subplot to Book 3 when combined in a single volume. Yet Tolkien considered this book as the heart of the whole drama (page 271, Letters).

I think in this reading I will be looking at the six books separately and analyzing and commenting on them in that context rather than the tradition "trilogy" format. It definitely changes things, at least for me. That way each individual book has its own beginning, development, conclusion and purpose.

P.S. Before we are finished I suspect the members of the group will be all signing a petition to have my "Letter" book taken from me! :smileywink:

Message Edited by lorien on 02-27-2008 11:29 AM
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Re: LOTR: A Trilogy or Six Book Series

The Cover: Fellowship of the Rings

As I mentioned, in his covers Tolkien was trying to tie the two separate books together symbolically but, I think also show their uniqueness. The cover sketch of Tolkien shows the One Ring surrounded by the three elf rings. The three elf rings were the only ones untouched and uncorrupted by Sauron.

http://img-fan.theonering.net/rolozo/images/covers/tolkien-fellowship.jpg

The One Ring in the center represents the Book 1, The First Journey. Though the Ring is the thread that ties the series together, this is the only book where the Ring and Frodo are the central issue of the story. In fact Book 3, The Treason of Isegard, hardly mentioned the Ring or Frodo at all. On Weathertop in Book 1, Frodo finally gives in to the Ring, is wounded by the Witch King, and literally starts his slow but downward decent into the influence of the Ring.

The three elf rings are the opposing rings to Sauron and his one ruling Ring. They face inward toward the One Ring with the Red Ring, Narya, prominent. This is what I feel the second book is about -- the opposition to the One Ring.

What struck me when I saw the Rings was the way the Book 2 is laid out. I'm not going to go into all the related symbolism I saw in these rings since we will be talking about them in a couple of weeks, but let me just demonstrate quickly what I saw by using the rings as subchapters:

Book 2, The Journey of the Companions

White Ring, Elrond, Air
- Many Meeting
- The Council of Elrond

Red Ring, Gandalf, Fire/Earth
- The Ring Goes South
- A Journey in the Dark
- The Bridge of Khazad-dum

Blue Ring, Galadriel, Water
- Lothlorien
- The Mirror of Galadriel
- Farewell to Lorien

End of the Fellowship
- The Great River
- The Breaking of the Fellowship

In passing, I might point out that these three symbols: Air, Fire/Earth and Water were associated with the Three Jewels as well.
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Re: LOTR: A Trilogy or Six Book Series

I would have to agree that this is the list of the people who actually had possession of the Ring (in the sense of 'owners'): Saurun, Isildur, Deagol, Gollum, Bilbo, Frodo, and Samwise
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The ring is a part of Saurun, it didn't shape him. Deagol had it only BRIEFLY and had a mere whisper of influence. No more than others had in proximity to it.

The books were broken up due to publishing concerns. 6, 3 neither changes what was written. Perhaps only you perception of it.
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lorien
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Re: LOTR: A Trilogy or Six Book Series

The books were broken up due to publishing concerns. 6, 3 neither changes what was written. Perhaps only you perception of it.
--------------------------------------

You are absolutely right! All the words are still there in the same order. The only thing it DOES change is my perception of them. And that is my exact point.

In fact the book I am using now is the one-volume version and I can read that through without any thought of it being 6, 3, or even one book. Hmmm, two books is an interesting idea. Maybe I'll argue that point next! :smileywink:

The only importance of this is what I am looking for in the books. If I just want to read the story for the plot, they could have divided it up anyway they wished. But I think the books (and Tolkien) have a bit more significance beyond the plot of a good story. Otherwise, I have read it, I know how it ends, I don't need to read it again, and there is nothing to talk about.

I also think that is the difference between a good read and literature or for that matter any art. It is the a combination of what the author put down on paper and how I decide to perceive it. Everyone on this board probably has a different idea of what is being said and communicated. It is the value of the board. We share our perceptions. Some of us might agree with one person's perceptions, some might disagree, and some may read the other ideas and be inspired to go off in an entirely new direction that they never thought of before. In fact, some of us (and very likely) won't even agree with what the author said he intended to say. What did he know--his muse wrote the book!
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lorien
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Re: LOTR: A Trilogy or Six Book Series

Actually, it is interesting to note that the series was published as a trilogy for economic reasons. If it were done today, the prevailing marketing and economic approach would have been very different. It would have been a six book series, preferably seven (though The Hobbit could make it seven), they would publish one book at a time and make us wait at least one or two years (if not longer) for the next one. Instead of shortening the appendices, and rejecting the Silmarillion, the publishers would have been insisting that Tolkien turn them into as many full books as possible with a "preclude" series and maybe an "afterward" series on what happened to Sam, Merry, and Pipin and their kin and it would probably be called "The Return of the Dark Lord." :smileyhappy:
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Re: LOTR: A Trilogy or Six Book Series

Actually, it is interesting to note that the series was published as a trilogy for economic reasons. If it were done today, the prevailing marketing and economic approach would have been very different. It would have been a six book series, preferably seven (though The Hobbit could make it seven), they would publish one book at a time and make us wait at least one or two years (if not longer) for the next one. Instead of shortening the appendices, and rejecting the Silmarillion, the publishers would have been insisting that Tolkien turn them into as many full books as possible with a "preclude" series and maybe an "afterward" series on what happened to Sam, Merry, and Pipin and their kin and it would probably be called "The Return of the Dark Lord."
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Oh Yes most definably!(Chuckle)

Though personally I'd prefer it if everybody read all these in this order Hobbit, Fellowship of the ring, Two towers, Return of the king, and then the Similarion. Though expanding the bits of the last would have made it a bit more well less dry.
I don't know some people like small book bits. Had a collage roommate who was bewildered by my willingly reading a 1200 book for fun.
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Re: LOTR: A Trilogy or Six Book Series



Lorien wrote:
Actually, it is interesting to note that the series was published as a trilogy for economic reasons. If it were done today, the prevailing marketing and economic approach would have been very different. It would have been a six book series, preferably seven (though The Hobbit could make it seven), they would publish one book at a time and make us wait at least one or two years (if not longer) for the next one. Instead of shortening the appendices, and rejecting the Silmarillion, the publishers would have been insisting that Tolkien turn them into as many full books as possible with a "preclude" series and maybe an "afterward" series on what happened to Sam, Merry, and Pipin and their kin and it would probably be called "The Return of the Dark Lord."
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
In reply Tiggerbear wrote:
Oh Yes most definably!(Chuckle)

Though personally I'd prefer it if everybody read all these in this order Hobbit, Fellowship of the ring, Two towers, Return of the king, and then the Similarion. Though expanding the bits of the last would have made it a bit more well less dry.
I don't know some people like small book bits. Had a collage roommate who was bewildered by my willingly reading a 1200 book for fun.

Actually, Tolkien did start a sequel to LotR, set about 100 years after the defeat of Sauron.  He abandoned it after a few pages, but picked it up again, twice.  The last time in 1972.  So, there are three versions of the story.  They can be read in Vol XII of HoMe: The Peoples of Middle-earth.
He also, described the story in two Letters*  #256 and #338.  "Not worth doing."
 
There are already "expanded" bits of some of the chapters of Silm.  They can be found scattered among The History of Middle-earth series (HoMe) along with "stuff" that wasn't published in Silm and Unfinished Tales.
 
*Letters: There is a caveat with using this book, Lorien.  The later in time Tolkien was from certain events the more likely his memories and feelings on certain subjects changed.  So, it is sometimes difficult to figure out his intentions at the time he wrote something.
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Histories of Middle Earch

The HoMe seem to be quite a mixed bag. I've got the first three of the History of the Ring series (nos. 6,7,8) but wasn't sure which of the others would be useful. There are 12 all together. The first five seem to be available as a package, so I might go ahead and get those but what about the last 4. Are they worth it?

As far as the History of the Ring goes, I was debating whether to open a discussion on that. I think it should be kept out of the main stream discussion as it may only clutter up things and confuse people, especially first-time readers. I was wondering if there are any others in the group who might be interested in a parallel thread discussion on the History of the Ring? If so I will open a thread. If not, I will just read it quietly on my own.
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Re: LOTR: A Trilogy or Six Book Series

What no guesses on the two towers! Orthanc and Minas Morgul.

Here is the picture again:
http://content.answers.com/main/content/wp/en/thumb/f/f2/350px-Jrrt_lotr_cover_design.jpg

I will give you the description and explanation that is in the Artist book.

"Tolkien's final rendering of this Two Tower jacket is a moody painting in black, red, white, and grey on grey-brown paper, with sharp contrasts of dark and light....The crescent moon above Minas Morgul...with an ominous jagged curve, may be a reference to the earlier name of the tower, before it was taken and defiled by Sauron's forces: Minus Ithil, Tower of the Moon, once fair and radiant; but now its light was 'paler indeed that the moon ailing in some slow eclipse' [book 4, chapter 8]. The image is reinforced by a drawing of an eclipse below Minus Morgul in the lower panel. Above Orthanc is now a five-pointed star, a wizard's pentacle, symbolizing Sauruman, who is also represented below by the white hand, here edged and tipped blood-red." (Artist, pages 180-181)

There is no continuous text I can easily quote so I will just summarize. The nine rings at the bottom of the white tower (Minas Morgul) represents the Ringwraths, the Nazgul. The One Ring is in the center with the text in tengwar "In the land of Mordor where the shadows lie." Above it is a flying Nazgul.

Of course Minas Morgul represents Book 4 while Orthanc represents Book 3.
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Re: Histories of Middle Earch

As far as the History of the Ring goes, I was debating whether to open a discussion on that. I think it should be kept out of the main stream discussion as it may only clutter up things and confuse people, especially first-time readers. I was wondering if there are any others in the group who might be interested in a parallel thread discussion on the History of the Ring? If so I will open a thread. If not, I will just read it quietly on my own.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Thought about trying to figure out how to start that one myself. SO PLEASE!PLEASE!(chuckle)
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